Euripides:
(/jʊəˈrɪpᵻdiːz/ or /jɔːˈrɪpᵻdiːz/;[1] Greek: Εὐριπίδης; Ancient
Greek: [eu̯.riː.pí.dɛːs]) (c. 480 – c. 406 BC) was a tragedian of classical Athens. He is one of the few whose plays have survived,
with the others being Aeschylus, Sophocles, and potentially Euphorion. Some ancient
scholars attributed 95 plays to him but according to the Suda it
was 92 at most. Of these, 18 or 19 have survived more or less complete (there
has been debate about his authorship of Rhesus, largely on stylistic
grounds)[2] and there are also fragments, some substantial,
of most of the other plays. More of his plays have survived intact than those
of Aeschylus and Sophocles together,
partly due to mere chance and partly because his popularity grew as theirs
declined[3][4]—he became, in the Hellenistic
Age, a cornerstone of ancient literary education,
along with Homer, Demosthenes and Menander.
Euripides is identified with theatrical
innovations that have profoundly influenced drama down to modern times,
especially in the representation of traditional, mythical heroes as ordinary
people in extraordinary circumstances. This new approach led him to pioneer
developments that later writers adapted to comedy, some of which are characteristic of romance. Yet he also became "the most tragic of poets",[nb 1] focusing on the inner lives and motives of his
characters in a way previously unknown.[6][7] He was "the creator of...that cage which is
the theatre of Shakespeare's Othello, Racine's Phèdre, of Ibsen and Strindberg," in which "...imprisoned men and women
destroy each other by the intensity of their loves and hates",[8] and yet he was also the literary ancestor of
comic dramatists as diverse as Menander and George Bernard Shaw.
Medea:
(Ancient Greek: Μήδεια, Mēdeia) is an ancient
Greek tragedy written by Euripides, based upon the myth of Jason and Medea and first produced in 431 BC. The plot centers on the
actions of Medea, a former princess of the "barbarian" kingdom of Colchis, and the wife of Jason;
she finds her position in the Greek world threatened as Jason leaves her for a
Greek princess of Corinth. Medea takes vengeance on Jason by killing Jason's
new wife as well as her own children with him, after which she escapes to
Athens to start a new life.
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