Epic poetry:
An epic
poem, epic (from Latin epicus, from the Ancient Greek adjective ἐπικός, epikos, from ἔπος, epos,[1] "word,
story, poem"[2]), epos (from Latin epos, from Greek ἔπος, epos[3]), or epopee (from French épopée,
from neo-Latin epopoeia,
from Ancient Greek ἐποποιία, epopoiia)[4] is
a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a
serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a
culture or nation.[5] Milman Parry and Albert Lord have
argued that the Homeric epics, the earliest works of Western literature, were
fundamentally an oral poetic form. These works form the basis of the epic genre
in Western literature. Nearly all Western epic (including Virgil's Aeneid and
Dante's Divine Comedy) self-consciously presents
itself as a continuation of the tradition begun by these poems. Classical epic
employs dactylic hexameter and recounts a journey, either
physical (as typified by Odysseus in the Odyssey) or mental (as typified by
Achilles in the Iliad)
or both. Epics also tend to highlight cultural norms and to define or call into
question cultural values, particularly as they pertain to heroism.
Another type of epic poetry is epyllion (plural:
epyllia), which is a brief narrative poem with a romantic or mythological theme. The
term, which means "little epic", came into use in the nineteenth
century. It refers primarily to the erudite, shorter hexameter poems of the Hellenistic period and the similar works composed at Rome
from the age of the neoterics; to a lesser degree, the term
includes some poems of the English Renaissance,
particularly those influenced by Ovid.[citation
needed]The most famous example of classical epyllion is perhaps Catullus 64.
Some of the most famous examples of epic poetry include the
Ancient Greek Iliad and Odyssey, Virgil's Aeneid, the ancient Indian Ramayana and Mahabharata, Dante's Divine Comedy, the Portuguese Lusiads, and John Milton's Paradise Lost.
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Muse:
The Muses are the inspirational goddesses of literature, science, and the arts in
Greek mythology. They were considered the source of the knowledge embodied in
the poetry, lyric songs, and myths that were related orally for centuries
in these ancient cultures. They were later adopted by the Romans as a part of
their pantheon.
In current English usage, "muse" can refer in general
to a person who inspires an artist, writer, or musician.
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The Odyssey:
(/ˈɒdəsi/;[1] Greek: Ὀδύσσεια Odýsseia, pronounced [o.dýs.sej.ja] in Classical Attic)
is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. It is, in part, a
sequel to the Iliad, the other work
ascribed to Homer. The Odyssey is fundamental to the modern Western canon,
and is the second-oldest extant work of Western literature; the Iliad is the oldest. Scholars believe the Odyssey was composed near the end of the 8th
century BC, somewhere in Ionia, the Greek coastal
region of Anatolia.[2]
The poem mainly focuses on the Greek hero Odysseus (known as Ulysses in Roman myths), king of Ithaca,
and his journey home after the fall of Troy. It takes Odysseus
ten years to reach Ithaca after the ten-year Trojan War.[3] In his absence, it is assumed Odysseus
has died, and his wife Penelope and son Telemachus must deal with a group of unruly
suitors, the Mnesteres (Greek: Μνηστῆρες)
or Proci, who compete for
Penelope's hand in marriage.
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