1/12 Western Literature Week 18

Final Exam

1/5 Western Literature Week 17

Augustine of Hippo:
(/ɔːˈɡʌstɨn/,^[1] /əˈɡʌstɨn/,^[2] or /'ɔːɡʌstɨn/;^[3] Latin: Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis;^{[note 1]} 13 November 354 – 28 August 430), also known as Saint Augustine, Saint Austin,^[4] (/ˈɔːstɨn/ or /ˈɑːstɨn/)^[5] Blessed Augustine,^[6] and the Doctor of Grace^[7] (Latin: Doctor gratiae), was an early Christian theologian and philosopher^[8]whose writings influenced the development of Western Christianity and Western philosophy. He was the bishop of Hippo Regius (modern-day Annaba, Algeria), located in Numidia (Roman province of Africa). He is viewed as one of the most important Church Fathers in Western Christianity for his writings in the Patristic Era. Among his most important works are The City of God and Confessions.

Saint Augustine from a 19th-century engraving

12/29 Western Literature Week 16

The New Testament:
(Koine Greek: Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, Hē Kainḕ Diathḗkē; Latin: Novum Testamentum) is the second major part of the Christian biblical canon, the first part being the Old Testament, based on the Hebrew Bible. The New Testament discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christianity. Christians regard both the Old and New Testaments together as sacred scripture. The New Testament (in whole or in part) has frequently accompanied the spread of Christianity around the world. It reflects and serves as a source for Christian theology and morality. Both extended readings and phrases directly from the New Testament are also incorporated (along with readings from the Old Testament) into the various Christian liturgies. The New Testament has influenced religious, philosophical, and political movements in Christendom and left an indelible mark on literature, art, and music.

12/22 Western Literature Week 15

The Bible:

(from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, tà biblía, "the books"^[1]) is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.

The Gutenberg Bible, the first printed Bible

12/15 Western Literature Week 14

Aristotle:

(/ˈærɪˌstɒtəl/;^[1] Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης Greek pronunciation: [aristotélɛːs], Aristotélēs; 384–322 BC)^[2] was a Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidice, on the northern periphery of Classical Greece. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, whereafter Proxenus of Atarneus became his guardian.^[3] At seventeen or eighteen years of age, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens^[4] and remained there until the age of thirty-seven (c. 347 BC). His writings cover many subjects  – including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theater, music, rhetoric, linguistics, politics and government – and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy. Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip of Macedon, tutored Alexander the Great beginning in 343 BC.

12/8 Western Literature Week 13

Aristophanes:

(/ˌærᵻˈstɒfəniːz/ or /ˌɛrᵻˈstɒfəniːz/;^[2] Greek: Ἀριστοφάνης, pronounced [aristopʰánɛːs]; c. 446 – c. 386 BC), son of Philippus, of the deme Kydathenaion (Latin: Cydathenaeum),^[3] was a comic playwright of ancient Athens. Eleven of his forty plays survive virtually complete. These, together with fragments of some of his other plays, provide the only real examples of a genre of comic drama known as Old Comedy, and are used to define it.

12/1 Western Literature Week 12

Euripides:

(/jʊəˈrɪpᵻdiːz/ or /jɔːˈrɪpᵻdiːz/;^[1] Greek: Εὐριπίδης; Ancient Greek: [eu̯.riː.pí.dɛːs]) (c. 480 – c. 406 BC) was a tragedian of classical Athens. He is one of the few whose plays have survived, with the others being Aeschylus, Sophocles, and potentially Euphorion. Some ancient scholars attributed 95 plays to him but according to the Suda it was 92 at most. Of these, 18 or 19 have survived more or less complete (there has been debate about his authorship of Rhesus, largely on stylistic grounds)^[2] and there are also fragments, some substantial, of most of the other plays. More of his plays have survived intact than those of Aeschylus and Sophocles together, partly due to mere chance and partly because his popularity grew as theirs declined^[3][4]—he became, in the Hellenistic Age, a cornerstone of ancient literary education, along with Homer, Demosthenes and Menander.